Milky Way flipped after ancient dwarf collision

Astronomers have found evidence that a head-on collision with the dwarf galaxy known as Gaia Sausage occurred about 10 billion years ago, likely causing the Milky Way to flip its disc by more than 90 degrees. Using computer simulations, researchers from Durham University suggest this event reshaped the galaxy’s structure, including the formation of its bulge and stellar halo, and explains the slow rotation of stars in the halo. The collision represents the galaxy’s last major merger and significantly influenced its current orientation and composition.

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