Hormuz Alternatives Boost Iraq-Mediterranean Links

The disruption of navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, which affected global oil flows, has prompted Iraq to seek alternative routes for exporting its oil away from this vital strait. Iraq is working on diversifying its export pathways by increasing shipments from the Turkish port of Ceyhan, reviving a pipeline project to the Jordanian port of Aqaba, and constructing a new pipeline that would carry oil through Syria to the Mediterranean. This new pipeline is estimated to cost around $15 billion, take about four years to build, and have a capacity of up to two million barrels per day. Additionally, Iraq and Syria plan to rehabilitate railway lines and develop fiber optic networks for data transmission, aiming to reduce dependence on the Strait of Hormuz and strengthen national sovereignty. However, these projects face security and political challenges, including attacks on facilities, corruption, and institutional fragmentation. The success of these initiatives depends on the ability of the countries to manage and protect these networks, as well as whether they will contribute to reshaping the regional system and achieving economic independence.

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