Lebanon's Crisis: Sovereignty to Nation-state

The article comprehensively addresses the crisis of sovereignty in Lebanon, explaining that its roots stem from the state's inability to develop a unified national identity and overcome sectarian divisions before external forces intervened. It clarifies that Israeli occupation, Syrian tutelage, and Iranian influence through Hezbollah have formed various patterns of Lebanon’s sovereignty depletion, where control over territory frequently resulted in losing control over decision-making sovereignty. The article also discusses how these interventions have affected the state's structure and its relationship with society, especially through the creation of transnational social and cultural institutions, which led to the disintegration of national identity and the absence of a unified reference point. Ultimately, it emphasizes that restoring sovereignty requires reconstructing the state as an institution with an independent and unified decision-making capacity, capable of overcoming internal and external challenges, and ensuring that Lebanon remains independent and determines its own future.

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