Japan's population falls below 120 million

Japan's population has fallen below 120 million for the first time in 42 years, according to government data released in early 2026, with the total reaching 119.74 million people—a decrease of 0.76% from the previous year. The country is experiencing a record low birth rate, with just 1.14 children per woman in 2025, threatening the sustainability of the workforce and increasing social security costs. Additionally, the proportion of elderly people has risen to an average age of 49.9 years, reflecting a deep demographic crisis. Meanwhile, the number of foreign residents has reached its highest level since 2013, bringing the total population—including foreigners—to 123.76 million. Japan is facing significant challenges in maintaining its population balance and ensuring the sustainability of its economy.

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