India and Pakistan Driven by Religious Nationalism

Pakistan celebrated its 77th Independence Day, which was declared in 1947 following the partition of British India into two states based on religious identity. Pakistan was founded on the principle of establishing a nation separate from India, relying on religious nationalism rather than language or ethnicity, in response to the beliefs of thinkers like Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. These figures developed the Two-Nation Theory, asserting that Muslims and Hindus are two distinct nations that cannot coexist within the same country. This partition remains one of the most complex and impactful border changes in the region, leading to ongoing conflicts between the two countries.

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