Lebanese State: History and Culture

The purpose of the article is to clarify that the Lebanese state has been subjected to assassination or destruction through various historical stages, and that it lacks a true, sovereign state. The article explains that the concept of the state in Lebanon is unclear and is often confused with notions of the regime and institutions, with the distinction that a genuine state is reflected in its sovereign functions such as monopolizing power, diplomatic relations, managing public finances, and public policies. The article reviews the history of the Lebanese state through different phases, starting with the efforts of Prince Fakhreddine, which were driven by security objectives. It then discusses the declaration of Greater Lebanon in 1920, considered the establishment of the modern state, followed by phases of constitutionalization and independence. It highlights key moments such as the Cairo Agreement of 1969, and the subsequent assassination or dismantling of the state after it was occupied by militias and subjected to multiple violations, leading to the destruction of its sovereignty. The article emphasizes that today Lebanon is striving to restore its state after suffering deep political and security assassination. This is illustrated through references to legal and historical authorities and an indication that the concept of the state in Lebanon suffers from profound ambiguity, necessitating a fundamental reassessment of the culture and understanding of the state, especially in education and institutions.

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