First Gulf War Peace Costs

On August 20, 1988, Iraq and Iran halted their long-standing war after 8 years of bloody confrontation, in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 598. The final phase of the war was distinguished by Iraq achieving strategic advances through Operation "Tawakalna 'ala Allah" ("We Rely on Allah"), during which it regained control of key strategic areas such as the Faw Peninsula and Majnoon Islands. Meanwhile, Iran was suffering from economic decline and international pressures, especially after its oil exports decreased and global isolation intensified. The ceasefire officially took effect on the same day, with the help of UN observers. Subsequently, diplomatic negotiations began focusing on prisoner exchanges and border demarcations, bringing an end to a devastating war that lasted 8 years and resulted in hundreds of thousands of casualties.

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