Nile Basin Commission Faces Stalemate

Ethiopia's attempts to activate the Nile Basin Commission face political and organizational obstacles, due to reservations from Egypt and Sudan over the "Lost Millennium" (Entebbe) Agreement and its decision-making mechanisms. As a result, the commission's work has been frozen until now. Egypt and Sudan reject the agreement because it does not guarantee their designated water shares outlined in previous treaties; Egypt has emphasized principles such as prior notification and unanimous voting. Ethiopia, on the other hand, accuses Egypt of seeking to hinder activation in order to achieve water dominance. Disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) continue, with Egypt demanding a legally binding agreement for filling and operating the dam, while Ethiopia maintains that it poses no harm to anyone’s interests. This has led to negotiations stalling for years. It is expected that these disagreements will persist, and the commission will remain stuck, amid ongoing tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia and international efforts to enhance cooperation between source and downstream countries.

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