Water scarcity may delay lunar city building

The two studies indicate that the water available on the Moon's surface is insufficient to support a long-term human settlement. It is estimated that one million people would consume one million tons of water in less than two and a half years, despite the possibility of recycling water efficiently at a rate of up to 98%, which could extend usage for about 100 years. The studies show that establishing a sustainable long-term colony requires massive amounts of water. A small village of around 100,000 people could survive for a thousand years, while a population of about 10,000 could utilize water for up to 10,000 years. Importing water from the asteroid belt or Saturn’s moons is considered a future option, although it is not feasible with current technology. Meanwhile, there is potential to exploit water ice at the Moon's poles for research and industrial purposes, provided resources are managed carefully to avoid limited, haphazard consumption.

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