Germany's demographic shifts eastward

The study indicates that Germany’s population may decrease to approximately 81.8 million by the year 2045, representing a decline of 1.7 million compared to the end of 2025. This decline is due to declining birth rates and ongoing population aging. The number of working-age individuals is expected to decrease by 4.7%, with significant regional disparities—Eastern Germany could see declines of up to 18%. Meanwhile, major cities such as Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Munich, and Düsseldorf are anticipated to grow by up to 10%, driven by increased internal migration and continued attraction of residents. However, migration alone is not enough to offset aging; improving working conditions and integrating older adults and migrants into the labor market are necessary to ensure a more sustainable future.

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