Understanding El Niño's ancient origins
The El Niño phenomenon is a long-term climate event that occurs when sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean rise abnormally, causing changes in weather patterns worldwide. It typically appears every 2 to 7 years and lasts around 9 to 12 months, leading to shifts in rainfall and temperature distributions, which increase the chances of floods and droughts in different regions. Recognized for centuries, it became a subject of scientific study in the late 19th century, as understanding of it evolved to include its global impacts and seasonal variations.
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