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The article argues that rising attacks and navigational risks in the Strait of Hormuz are pushing Gulf states to explore alternative routes. But diversifying export routes would not eliminate the risks or match the ease of passage through the strait. It outlines three hypothetical options for transporting Qatari gas by pipeline: north through Saudi Arabia and Jordan; south through Saudi Arabia or the UAE to Oman; or to Kuwait. The first route could connect Qatar to markets in Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. For a regional pipeline to be economically viable, it might need to carry around 30 billion cubic metres a year, compared with Qatar’s current LNG exports, equivalent to 100 billion cubic metres annually. Pipelines would therefore complement, rather than fully replace, seaborne shipments. The article concludes that restoring freedom of navigation through Hormuz remains the most attractive option.
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