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How doctors diagnosed and treated illnesses 250 years ago before X-rays and anesthesia
About 250 years ago, doctors relied on harsh and dangerous tools such as bone saws and bleeding instruments to perform medical procedures. Patients endured intense pain due to the lack of anesthesia and sterilization. The prevailing theory believed that the balance of bodily fluids was the key to health, leading to treatments like bloodletting. Infectious diseases such as smallpox and cholera posed major threats because of the absence of vaccines and antibiotics. Medicine experienced significant progress with the discovery of germs, anesthesia, and sterilization, making diagnosis and treatment safer and more precise, while reducing patients’ suffering and the spread of diseases.
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