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The Mecca Agreement for Collective Defense between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan aims to strengthen security and regional cooperation through the principle of collective defense, where any attack on one of the participating countries is considered an attack on all, similar to Article 5 of NATO. The agreement focuses on establishing a ministerial committee and a general secretariat to promote institutional sustainability. It comes amid tensions with Iran and their implications for Gulf security and maritime passages. The potential accession of Egypt is considered, as it would enhance the regional influence of the arrangement, but Turkey has confirmed that joining requires addressing technical issues. The agreement is intended to bolster overall defense cooperation and is not aimed specifically at Iran.
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