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Ethiopia Conflict: Key Factions and Reasons
The ongoing military confrontations between the Ethiopian government forces and the fighters of the Tigray People's Liberation Front represent a significant escalation in the political and security conflict in Ethiopia. In this context, new military alliances have emerged, consisting of seven armed groups from various nationalities and regions, aimed at overthrowing the federal government and forming a transitional government. This coalition includes groups from Tigray, the Fano nationalists in Amhara, the Oromia Liberation Army, and individuals from the Somali State, Afar Region, Oguadein, and Benishangul-Gumuz. The Tigray People's Liberation Front, founded in 1975 and historically led a rebellion against the Mengistu Haile Mariam regime, remains the central pillar in this conflict. After participating in governance for a long period, it shifted to opposition in 2018, with hostilities resuming and intensifying again in November 2020 and escalating early 2026. These developments are fueling intensified fighting and raising fears of reaching the outskirts of Addis Ababa, amid concerns about the widening cycle of violence and the potential for widespread unrest across the country.
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