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A fossil dating back approximately 45 million years was discovered in Egypt on the Mount Qurnah (Jabal al-Muqattam). It reveals a new genus of crocodile named "Herogavialis kairensis." Anatomical and developmental studies indicate that this crocodile had a long snout accounting for about 64% of the skull's length. It is considered an early branch of gavialoids in the Mediterranean region, with evolutionary links to the modern Indian Gavialis. The fossil is named after the "Sphinx crocodile" to honor its connection to the Qurnah Formation, which is known for the rocks of the Sphinx statue. These findings contribute to expanding our understanding of the evolutionary diversity of gavialoids and their history in Egypt and North Africa during the Middle Eocene, about 45 million years ago, when the environment was a shallow, warm marine setting. The study underscores the importance of reevaluating historical fossils using modern techniques to gain a deeper insight into the region's ancient biodiversity.
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