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The World Health Organization recommends addressing childhood obesity primarily through adopting a healthy diet, engaging in physical activity, and providing behavioral support, rather than relying on weight-loss medications or surgery—especially for children under ten years old due to limited evidence regarding their safety and long-term effectiveness. The use of weight-loss drugs can be considered for adolescents aged 10 to 19 years after non-pharmacological interventions have failed, and bariatric surgery may be contemplated after six months of unsuccessful treatment, taking into account their physical and mental maturity. Data indicate that approximately 400 million individuals aged 5 to 19 were affected by overweight in 2024, with obesity rates having quadrupled since 1990, making it now the most common form of malnutrition among children and adolescents worldwide.
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