Brotherhood Member Grip

In his books *The Secret of the Temple* and *The Heart of the Muslim Brotherhood*, Tharwat al-Kharbawi, a leader who broke away from the Brotherhood, presents his account of a culture of listening and obedience within the organization. Directives, he says, pass through a hierarchical structure, and members are expected to carry them out, with little room for questions or objections. He distinguishes between an oath of allegiance tied to religious outreach and political activities and a more closed one, which he called the “oath of blood.” He said the latter involved a stricter commitment and a readiness to carry out assignments without discussion. In his account, this system concentrates decision-making authority in the leadership, while members at lower levels are responsible for carrying out its decisions. Disagreement may thus become a test of loyalty, at the expense of independent judgment.

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