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The collection of stem cell transplant cells relies on three main sources. The most common source, accounting for over 97%, is peripheral blood, where the patient or donor is stimulated with injections to increase the number of cells in the blood, which are then collected through a cell separation device. The second source is bone marrow, which is directly harvested from the hip bone under general anesthesia; this method is now rarely used, especially in low-weight children. The third source is umbilical cord blood, collected after childbirth and stored in blood banks. It is characterized by its immune flexibility and does not require full tissue matching. However, it is usually limited to children and small-weight adults.
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