Testosterone and Cancer Risk

Studies have not established that high total testosterone causes prostate cancer. Some research has linked higher free testosterone to a slight increase in the likelihood of being diagnosed with the disease, but findings on more aggressive tumors have been inconsistent. Testosterone can stimulate the growth of some existing tumors, which is why treatments target reducing male hormones or blocking their effects. In a trial involving more than 5,000 men with testosterone deficiency, diagnosis rates did not differ significantly between those using testosterone gel and those using placebo gel over an average follow-up of 33 months. The findings may not apply broadly, however, because men at higher risk were excluded.

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