Ceuta and Melilla: Moroccan Cities and Spanish Territories
The article addresses the issue of the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, which are considered sensitive topics in the relations between Morocco and Spain due to their exceptional political and geographical status. The text explains that these two cities are located on the northern coast of Africa and are under Spanish autonomous governance, despite Morocco's claims to regain them and its historical acknowledgment of their sovereignty. The article reviews the history beginning with Portugal's occupation of Ceuta in 1415 and Spain's conquest of Melilla in 1497, followed by continuous Spanish control despite Morocco's efforts to reclaim them, especially after gaining independence in 1956. It also highlights how Spain has reinforced its control, particularly after granting autonomy to the cities in 1995. Additionally, it discusses the increasing use of Ceuta and Melilla as routes for irregular migration towards Europe, noting an unprecedented wave of migration to Ceuta in 2026, when around 60,000 migrants arrived, resulting in deaths due to stampedes and drownings. The article emphasizes that these cities hold strategic and economic importance, as they possess vital ports, engage in fishing and trade, and serve as primary crossing points for migrants, which complicates issues of sovereignty and security between the two countries.
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