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Many European countries, including France, Hungary, and Romania, heavily rely on nuclear energy for electricity production, which constitutes a significant portion of their annual output. The current heatwave and water shortages raise concerns about the sources of water used to cool nuclear reactors, especially as river levels decline and water temperatures increase. Different cooling systems are employed, including river, sea, and reservoir waters, but challenges such as higher temperatures, seawater salinity, and the exposure of marine equipment to organisms like jellyfish lead to interruptions or reductions in nuclear power generation. In France, the national company forecasts that rising water temperatures could reduce electricity output by up to 15% in some reactors due to environmental protection policies. Similarly, other plants in Hungary and Romania face the same challenges, having to shut down or operate their reactors at lower capacity because of decreased river levels and higher water temperatures, threatening the stability of energy supplies in the region.
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