Iran's Mountain Defenses and US Nukes
The Iranian nuclear program faces a significant strategic challenge: hiding its fortified nuclear facilities deep underground in mountainous regions, such as the Fordow site and the new complex beneath the Fash Mountains. The problem lies in the fact that conventional bunker-busting bombs, like the GBU-57, are unable to penetrate these heavily reinforced structures due to their extreme hardness. This has reignited the debate over the need for tactical nuclear warheads, such as the B61-11, which can generate a massive shockwave and more effectively breach underground fortifications. The report emphasizes that the evolution of military engineering capabilities since World War II has led to the transfer of strategic assets underground, where deep tunnels are used to protect command centers and missile launch sites. This increase in subterranean defenses presents growing challenges for modern nuclear arsenals aimed at effectively targeting these deeply fortified sites.
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