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The article explains that Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) is considered the primary mechanism for collective defense. It states that an armed attack against a member country is regarded as an attack against all members, and the alliance activates it to provide military assistance. Article 5 has been invoked only once, following the September 11, 2001 attacks, when the alliance agreed to consider those attacks as falling under this article and took measures to support the United States, such as deploying early warning aircraft and naval operations. The text clarifies that Article 5 is not automatically activated; members must assess whether an attack has occurred. Additionally, Ukraine is not a NATO member, and therefore does not benefit from the collective defense guarantees outlined in that article.
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