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Ceuta's Moroccan History Clarified
The article discusses the historical debate surrounding the identity of the city of Ceuta, confirming that Spanish historian José Antonio Ruyz suggests that the city was not Moroccan before Portuguese and then Spanish control. He bases this on the fact that Ceuta remained under Portuguese rule from 1415 until 1668, when the Treaty of Lisbon recognized its Spanish sovereignty. This view is challenged by Moroccan sources, which affirm that Ceuta was part of the Moroccan domain before the Portuguese occupation, and historically, it has been a cultural and political center connected to Morocco since the Middle Ages, owing to its geographical location and historical and economic significance. The article emphasizes that military or political control during certain periods does not negate the city’s historical association with Morocco, and that the expansions and occupations by Spain over the ages did not erase those cultural and civilizational ties. It highlights the importance of understanding history comprehensively; although treaties and occupations imposed new realities, Morocco’s sovereign memory over Ceuta and Melilla remains present, rooted in resistance to colonialism. The article also criticizes claims that Morocco did not exist before its independence in 1956, pointing out that such assertions ignore the roles of the ancient Moroccan state and the long history of the region.
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