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The Sultanate of Oman is seeking to shift its partnerships with China, the United Kingdom, Kazakhstan and Botswana beyond trade and investment towards localizing industries, transferring technology and developing skilled workers by establishing factories and production centers within the country. Trade with China reached approximately 9.6 billion Omani rials in 2025, while the Oman Investment Authority signed 23 agreements and memoranda of cooperation with Chinese entities covering projects in energy, mining and space. The space programs also include scholarships for 30 Omanis and training for 1,000 specialists. In the pharmaceutical sector, imports of healthcare products rose from 287.1 million rials in 2020 to 345.2 million in 2024. The Sultanate has 20 operating factories and 18 projects under construction or implementation, alongside new projects aimed at domestic production. Ultimately, the success of these partnerships will depend on turning agreements into factories, products and national capabilities to operate and develop technology—not simply announcing investments.
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