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The shift in the balance of power in the Middle East now depends on the concept of "dependence balance," which measures the cost of abandoning a particular actor based on vulnerabilities and vital connection points such as ports, energy resources, technology, and trade routes. Saudi Arabia is heading toward strengthening its defense independence by building a network of mutual reliance with Turkey and Pakistan—moving from merely purchasing capabilities to producing them locally—in order to reduce dependence on the United States and enhance strategic autonomy. The UAE is seeking to expand its influence through economic and security networks, and Egypt maintains an irreplaceable geographical significance. Meanwhile, Iran employs the force of negative necessity to bolster its influence, and military and technological cooperation arrangements increase the costs for other states to bypass these countries. This paradigm is altering the concept of sovereignty, as it becomes linked to networks of dependencies that are difficult to replace.
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