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The article discusses the historical castles in the Northern Border Region, which reflect the genius of traditional Najdi architecture. These structures were built using local earthen materials such as mud mixed with straw and clay and rested on rocky foundations to resist moisture. Among the most prominent landmarks is King Abdulaziz Palace in Lina, constructed in 1354-1355 AH, covering an area of 4,320 square meters. It features a tiered pyramid design with weather-resistant walls, embodying the efficiency of local resources in adapting to the desert environment. The properties of mud construction prove effective for thermal insulation and durability. The region also boasts more than 364 archaeological sites registered there, highlighting a rich architectural heritage that exemplifies human resilience and the ability to adapt to challenging conditions.
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