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European nations classify doctoral students as employees
A European study reveals a radical difference in how PhD students are treated across countries, with some universities and research institutions granting them employee status with salaries and benefits, including retirement, holidays, and social protection, while others rely solely on scholarships. Student stipends vary significantly, from around 58,000 euros per year in Denmark to 36,700 euros in the Netherlands and 21,600 euros in Estonia. There is a substantial disparity in wages and benefits, as some countries are moving towards a funding system based on employment rather than grants to ensure researchers' rights.
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