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Digital technology has reshaped warfare. Uncrewed aircraft and vehicles, satellites, cyberattacks, and artificial intelligence are now used to gather information, identify targets, and conduct operations remotely. Although these technologies enhance surveillance, speed up decision-making, and reduce the risks to troops, they do not guarantee fewer civilian casualties. Strikes or disruptions to power, water, communications, and healthcare networks can have far-reaching humanitarian consequences. The article stresses that these tools remain subject to international humanitarian law and the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution, and that human oversight and accountability for decisions and their consequences are essential.
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