How does a landlocked nation survive

Kazakhstan is considered the largest landlocked country in the world in terms of area, covering approximately 2.7 million square kilometers. It is about 3,750 kilometers away from the nearest seaport, which is the longest distance between landlocked countries according to the United Nations. This geographic location imposes high economic costs, as trade operations require crossing multiple territories, increasing both time and logistical expenses. Therefore, Kazakhstan heavily relies on railways and trade corridors with China and Russia to enhance its economic links to global markets and reduce dependence on overland transportation routes, amid efforts to improve access to European and Asian markets.

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