Challenging Western Sovereignty
To understand the content of the article, the text discusses the concept of national sovereignty and its historical origins. Initially, sovereignty was considered the essence of the state, unaffected by other entities. Its concept evolved with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which established it as the standard for the existence of independent states. Over time, the image of sovereignty changed due to wars, territorial shifts, and the interference of economic interests and the global capitalist system, which led to the erosion of states' independence, especially in the West. With the creation of international unions like the European Union, the idea of sovereignty became relative, as states began to relinquish part of their sovereignty in favor of higher sovereignty, increasing their dependency and subordination—particularly under U.S. influence and control over international policies. This has resulted in most countries losing their ability to make independent decisions, as evidenced by American interventions in Europe and recent major crises.
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