Al Banna’s Social Ranking

Researcher Tarek al-Bishbishi said Hassan al-Banna classified Egyptians according to their stance toward the Muslim Brotherhood into four categories: the “believer,” who supports it; the “hesitant”; the “self-interested,” who deals with it for personal benefit; and the “hostile” person, who opposes or criticizes it. He also noted that the organization divided its members into four ranks—the “sympathizer,” the “affiliate,” the “regular member,” and the “active worker”—reflecting different degrees of closeness and commitment, in his account. The article concluded that this way of thinking places loyalty to the group at the center of how individuals are judged, in contrast to the principle of equal citizenship set out in Article 53 of the Egyptian Constitution. It also cited a study that analyzed the Brotherhood’s positions on the political rights of Copts between 1981 and 2013 and found an ambiguous and inconsistent understanding of citizenship.

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