Egypt’s Economy and Reach

Ahmed Gamal El-Din Moussa believes that strengthening Egypt’s economic capabilities—particularly in industry and technology—is essential to preserving its cultural and scientific leadership and its soft power. He notes that Egypt spends around $3 billion a year on scientific research, or 0.9% of its GDP, compared with about $850 billion in the United States and $700 billion in China. Private-sector funding remains weak, and the gap between research and its industrial applications is wide, despite Egyptian researchers leading Africa in international publications. He warns that Egypt is falling behind in artificial intelligence and data centers, while Saudi Arabia is investing more than $100 billion and the UAE tens of billions. He calls for investment to be directed toward developing human and technological capabilities, and digitizing and disseminating the Arabic language.

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