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Obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, is not just about weight; it relates to the distribution of fat in the body and its impact on health. People can be obese without obvious metabolic disorders, a condition known as "metabolically healthy obesity," where indicators such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, or abnormal lipid levels are not evident in tests. However, normal laboratory results do not reveal all potential complications, especially those affecting internal organs like the liver or heart. Health experts emphasize that the type of fat (such as visceral fat around organs), its location, and how the body interacts with it are the most critical factors. Visceral fat accumulation is associated with higher risks of chronic diseases, whereas subcutaneous fat remains less dangerous. Researchers are studying the molecular and functional differences that allow some individuals to maintain good metabolic health despite increased weight, aiming to develop more targeted treatment methods and reduce obesity-related complications. Although some people may enjoy better health temporarily, the risk of complications like diabetes and heart disease remains high if visceral fat persists and organ functions decline with age or unhealthy lifestyles. Therefore, a comprehensive health assessment is essential, and relying on weight alone is insufficient.
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