Key early indicators of heart failure

Heart failure symptoms usually start to appear with age. They include shortness of breath, persistent fatigue, swelling of the feet and ankles, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or fainting—especially if these symptoms are recent or worsening. Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle becomes damaged or weakened, impairing its pumping ability. This is often a result of coronary artery disease, heart attacks, valve disorders, chronic high blood pressure, or hereditary conditions. The condition is diagnosed through tests such as echocardiography and blood biomarkers. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, medications, and medical devices, with urgent medical consultation recommended if symptoms appear. Although complete cure is not possible, symptoms can be improved, and disease progression can be slowed.