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Sahara's Diplomatic Turn
The article traces the development of the Western Sahara question from its historical roots and resistance to Spanish expansion, through its inclusion on the UN agenda in 1963 and the founding of the Polisario Front in 1973. In its advisory opinion of 16 October 1975, the International Court of Justice acknowledged ties of allegiance between the Sultan of Morocco and some tribes, without considering them evidence of Moroccan territorial sovereignty over the region. Around 350,000 volunteers took part in the Green March on 6 November 1975. The Madrid Accords and Spain’s withdrawal followed. The conflict then shifted from armed confrontation to political efforts, and the UN mission MINURSO was established by a 1991 resolution after Morocco and the Polisario Front accepted settlement proposals. The article notes that disagreement over who was eligible to vote obstructed the referendum, while Morocco put forward an autonomy initiative in 2007. The researcher considers that recent developments are opening a new phase in which autonomy remains on the table.
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