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A Mayo Clinic study published in *Cell* in September 2026 found that gut microbiome composition is associated with different types of cancer and their characteristics. The researchers analyzed samples from 1,364 patients and 287 healthy people, identifying 341 microbial families associated with five clinical categories of tumors. During follow-up of 1,345 patients over roughly 45 months, a microbial profile more closely resembling that of healthy people was associated with a 32% relative reduction in the risk of death, according to the “TopoScore” measure. Certain bacteria were also associated with better or worse outcomes in liver and bile duct cancers. The researchers also observed links between some microbes and severe chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, emphasizing that the findings show associations and do not prove that bacteria cause cancer or can predict it definitively.
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