Mecca Deal Aims for Collective Defense
The joint defense agreement signed by Saudi Arabia with Pakistan and Turkey in Mecca on Friday provides a new framework for their security relations. It transforms their relationship into a collective defense alliance committed to deterrence against increasing Iranian threats, especially amid Iran's growing attacks on Saudi Arabia without clear U.S. intervention. This agreement serves as a warning to Tehran, as any major attack on Saudi Arabia could activate the three countries' obligation to defend each other, potentially expanding the scope of the conflict and drawing Pakistan and Turkey into escalation. Saudi Arabia is also concerned about possible attacks by Iran-backed militias.
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