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The article discusses the decline in global investment in critical minerals during 2025, despite Western countries' pledges to boost local production for security reasons. The International Energy Agency noted that geopolitical tensions and price volatility led to a 9% decrease in investments in mineral mining and refining, compounded by export restrictions, especially from China, which controls over three-quarters of refining operations and has threatened to expand restrictions. This has raised expectations of a potential $6.5 trillion decrease in production outside China. Nevertheless, data shows increased commitments to public funding, with the United States and Malaysia beginning to reduce their dominance over rare earth element refining processes.
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