Five Liver-Infecting Viruses and Prevention
Viral hepatitis causes serious conditions that can develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer if not treated early. The main types—A, B, C, D, and E—differ in their modes of transmission and severity. Hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated water and food, and most people recover from it without developing chronic illness. Conversely, hepatitis B spreads through blood and bodily fluids and can become chronic, affecting approximately 240 million people worldwide and causing 1.1 million deaths in 2024. Hepatitis C is transmitted via blood and can remain asymptomatic for years, infecting around 47 million people globally, with over 95% of cases potentially curable using modern medications. Basic prevention includes vaccination against B, avoiding contaminated blood, practicing safe sex, and early screening—especially for those with risk factors—because early diagnosis improves treatment chances and reduces complications.
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